$$T0003300
\Shadow\
used in Col. 2:17; Heb. 8:5; 10:1 to denote the typical relation
of the Jewish to the Christian dispensation.
 
$$T0003301
\Shadrach\
Aku's command, the Chaldean name given to Hananiah, one of the
Hebrew youths whom Nebuchadnezzar carried captive to Babylon
(Dan. 1:6, 7; 3:12-30). He and his two companions refused to bow
down before the image which Nebuchadnezzar had set up on the
plains of Dura. Their conduct filled the king with the greatest
fury, and he commanded them to be cast into the burning fiery
furnace. Here, amid the fiery flames, they were miraculously
preserved from harm. Over them the fire had no power, "neither
was a hair of their head singed, neither had the smell of fire
passed on them." Thus Nebuchadnezzar learned the greatness of
the God of Israel. (See ABEDNEGO ¯T0000014.)
 
$$T0003302
\Shalem\
perfect, a place (probably the village of Salim) some 2 miles
east of Jacob's well. There is an abundant supply of water,
which may have been the reason for Jacob's settling at this
place (Gen. 33:18-20). The Revised Version translates this word,
and reads, "Jacob came in peace to the city of Shechem," thus
not regarding it as a proper name at all.
 
$$T0003303
\Shalim, Land of\
land of foxes, a place apparently to the north-west of Jerusalem
(1 Sam. 9:4), perhaps in the neighbourhood of Shaalabbin in Dan
(Josh. 19:42).
 
$$T0003304
\Shalisha, Land of\
probably the district of Baal-shalisha (2 Kings 4:42), lying
about 12 miles north of Lydda (1 Sam. 9:4).
 
$$T0003305
\Shallecheth, The gate of\
i.e., "the gate of casting out," hence supposed to be the refuse
gate; one of the gates of the house of the Lord, "by the
causeway of the going up" i.e., the causeway rising up from the
Tyropoeon valley = valley of the cheesemakers (1 Chr. 26:16).
 
$$T0003306
\Shallum\
retribution. (1.) The son of Jabesh, otherwise unknown. He
"conspired against Zachariah, and smote him before the people,
and slew him, and reigned in his stead" (2 Kings 15:10). He
reigned only "a month of days in Samaria" (15:13, marg.).
Menahem rose up against Shallum and put him to death (2 Kings
15:14, 15, 17), and became king in his stead.

  (2.) Keeper of the temple vestments in the reign of Josiah (2
Kings 22:14).

  (3.) One of the posterity of Judah (1 Chr. 2:40, 41).

  (4.) A descendant of Simeon (1 Chr. 4:25).

  (5.) One of the line of the high priests (1 Chr. 6:13).

  (6.) 1 Chr. 7:13.

  (7.) A keeper of the gate in the reign of David (1 Chr. 9:17).

  (8.) A Levite porter (1 Chr. 9:19, 31; Jer. 35:4).

  (9.) An Ephraimite chief (2 Chr. 28:12).

  (10.) The uncle of the prophet Jeremiah (Jer. 32:7).

  (11.) A son of king Josiah (1 Chr. 3:15; Jer. 22:11), who was
elected to succeed his father on the throne, although he was two
years younger than his brother Eliakim. He assumed the crown
under the name of Jehoahaz (q.v.). He did not imitate the
example of his father (2 Kings 23:32), but was "a young lion,
and it learned to catch the prey; it devoured men" (Ezek. 19:3).
His policy was anti-Egyptian therefore. Necho, at that time at
Riblah, sent an army against Jerusalem, which at once yielded,
and Jehoahaz was carried captive to the Egyptian camp, Eliakim
being appointed king in his stead. He remained a captive in
Egypt till his death, and was the first king of Judah that died
in exile.
 
$$T0003307
\Shalman\
an Assyrian king (Hos. 10:14), identified with Shalmaneser II.
(Sayce) or IV. (Lenormant), the successor of Pul on the throne
of Assyria (B.C. 728). He made war against Hoshea, the king of
Israel, whom he subdued and compelled to pay an annual tribute.
Hoshea, however, soon after rebelled against his Assyrian
conquerer. Shalmaneser again marched against Samaria, which,
after a siege of three years, was taken (2 Kings 17:3-5; 18:9)
by Sargon (q.v.). A revolution meantime had broken out in
Assyria, and Shalmaneser was deposed. Sargon usurped the vacant
throne. Schrader thinks that this is probably the name of a king
of Moab mentioned on an inscription of Tiglath-pileser as
Salamanu.
 
$$T0003308
\Shamgar\
The Philistines from the maritime plain had made incursions into
the Hebrew upland for the purposes of plunder, when one of this
name, the son of Anath, otherwise unknown, headed a rising for
the purpose of freeing the land from this oppression. He
repelled the invasion, slaying 600 men with an "ox goad" (q.v.).
The goad was a formidable sharpointed instrument, sometimes ten
feet long. He was probably contemporary for a time with Deborah
and Barak (Judg. 3:31; 5:6).
 
$$T0003309
\Shamir\
a sharp thorn. (1.) One of the sons of Michah (1 Chr. 24:24).

  (2.) A town among the mountains of Judah (Josh. 15:48);
probably Somerah, 2 1/2 miles north-west of Debir.

  (3.) The residence of Tola, one of the judges, on Mount
Ephraim (Judg. 10:1, 2).
 
$$T0003310
\Shammah\
desert. (1.) One of the "dukes" of Edom (Gen. 36:13, 17).

  (2.) One of the sons of Jesse (1 Sam. 16:9). He is also called
Shimeah (2 Sam. 13:3) and Shimma (1 Chr. 2:13).

  (3.) One of David's three mighty men (2 Sam. 23:11, 12).

  (4.) One of David's mighties (2 Sam. 23:25); called also
Shammoth (1 Chr. 11:27) and Shamhuth (27:8).
 
$$T0003311
\Shammua\
heard. (1.) One of the spies sent out by Moses to search the
land (Num. 13:4). He represented the tribe of Reuben.

  (2.) One of David's sons (1 Chr. 14:4; 3:5, "Shimea;" 2 Sam.
5:14).

  (3.) A Levite under Nehemiah (11:17).
 
$$T0003312
\Shaphan\
a coney, a scribe or secretary of king Josiah (2 Kings 22:3-7).
He consulted Huldah concerning the newly-discovered copy of the
law which was delivered to him by Hilkiah the priest (8-14). His
grandson Gedaliah was governor of Judea (25:22).
 
$$T0003313
\Shaphat\
judge. (1.) One of the spies. He represented the tribe of Simeon
(Num. 13:5).

  (2.) The father of Elisha (1 Kings 19:16-19).

  (3.) One of David's chief herdsmen (1 Chr. 27:29).
 
$$T0003314
\Shapher\
brightness, one of the stations where Israel encamped in the
wilderness (Num. 33:23, 24).
 
$$T0003315
\Sharaim\
two gates (Josh. 15:36), more correctly Shaaraim (1 Sam. 17:52),
probably Tell Zakariya and Kefr Zakariya, in the valley of Elah,
3 1/2 miles north-west of Socoh.
 
$$T0003316
\Sharezer\
(god) protect the king!, a son of Sennacherib, king of Assyria.
He and his brother Adrammelech murdered their father, and then
fled into the land of Armenia (2 Kings 19:37).
 
$$T0003317
\Sharon, Saron\
a plain, a level tract extending from the Mediterranean to the
hill country to the west of Jerusalem, about 30 miles long and
from 8 to 15 miles broad, celebrated for its beauty and
fertility (1 Chr. 27:29; Isa. 33:9; 35:2; 65:10). The "rose of
Sharon" is celebrated (Cant. 2:1). It is called Lasharon (the
article la being here a part of the word) in Josh. 12:18.
 
$$T0003318
\Shaveh-Kiriathaim\
plain of Kirja-thaim where Chedorlaomer defeated the Emims, the
original inhabitants (Gen. 14:5). Now Kureiyat, north of Dibon,
in the land of Moab.
 
$$T0003319
\Shaveh, Valley of\
valley of the plain the ancient name of the "king's dale"
(q.v.), or Kidron, on the north side of Jerusalem (Gen. 14:17).
 
$$T0003320
\Shavsha\
("Seraiah," 2 Sam. 8:17; "Shisha," 1 Kings 4:3), one of David's
secretaries (1 Chr. 18:16).
 
$$T0003321
\Shealtiel\
asked for of God, father of Zerubbabel (Ezra 3:2, 8; Neh. 12:1).
 
$$T0003322
\Shearing-house\
(2 Kings 10:12, 14; marg., "house of shepherds binding sheep."
R.V., "the shearing-house of the shepherds;" marg., "house of
gathering"), some place between Samaria and Jezreel, where Jehu
slew "two and forty men" of the royal family of Judah. The Heb.
word Beth-eked so rendered is supposed by some to be a proper
name.
 
$$T0003323
\Shear-Jashub\
a remnant shall escape or return (i.e., to God), a symbolical
name which the prophet Isaiah gave to his son (Isa. 7:3),
perhaps his eldest son.
 
$$T0003324
\Sheba\
an oath, seven. (1.) Heb. shebha, the son of Raamah (Gen. 10:7),
whose descendants settled with those of Dedan on the Persian
Gulf.

  (2.) Heb. id. A son of Joktan (Gen. 10:28), probably the
founder of the Sabeans.

  (3.) Heb. id. A son of Jokshan, who was a son of Abraham by
Keturah (Gen. 25:3).

  (4.) Heb. id. A kingdom in Arabia Felix. Sheba, in fact, was
Saba in Southern Arabia, the Sabaeans of classical geography,
who carried on the trade in spices with the other peoples of the
ancient world. They were Semites, speaking one of the two main
dialects of Himyaritic or South Arabic. Sheba had become a
monarchy before the days of Solomon. Its queen brought him gold,
spices, and precious stones (1 Kings 10:1-13). She is called by
our Lord the "queen of the south" (Matt. 12:42).

  (5.) Heb. shebha', "seven" or "an oak." A town of Simeon
(Josh. 19:2).

  (6.) Heb. id. A "son of Bichri," of the family of Becher, the
son of Benjamin, and thus of the stem from which Saul was
descended (2 Sam. 20:1-22). When David was returning to
Jerusalem after the defeat of Absalom, a strife arose between
the ten tribes and the tribe of Judah, because the latter took
the lead in bringing back the king. Sheba took advantage of this
state of things, and raised the standard of revolt, proclaiming,
"We have no part in David." With his followers he proceeded
northward. David seeing it necessary to check this revolt,
ordered Abishai to take the gibborim, "mighty men," and the
body-guard and such troops as he could gather, and pursue Sheba.
Joab joined the expedition, and having treacherously put Amasa
to death, assumed the command of the army. Sheba took refuge in
Abel-Bethmaachah, a fortified town some miles north of Lake
Merom. While Joab was engaged in laying siege to this city,
Sheba's head was, at the instigation of a "wise woman" who had
held a parley with him from the city walls, thrown over the wall
to the besiegers, and thus the revolt came to an end.
 
$$T0003325
\Shebaniah\
whom Jehovah hides, or has made grow up. (1.) A Levite appointed
to blow the trumpet before the ark of God (1 Chr. 15:24).

  (2.) Another Levite (Neh. 9:4, 5).

  (3.) A priest (Neh. 10:12).

  (4.) A Levite (Neh. 10:4).
 
$$T0003326
\Shebarim\
breaks; ruins, a place near Ai (Josh. 7:5; R.V. marg., "the
quarries").
 
$$T0003327
\Shebna\
tender youth, "treasurer" over the house in the reign of
Hezekiah, i.e., comptroller or governor of the palace. On
account of his pride he was ejected from his office, and Eliakim
was promoted to it (Isa. 22:15-25). He appears to have been the
leader of the party who favoured an alliance with Egypt against
Assyria. It is conjectured that "Shebna the scribe," who was one
of those whom the king sent to confer with the Assyrian
ambassador (2 Kings 18:18, 26, 37; 19:2; Isa. 36:3, 11, 22;
37:2), was a different person.
 
$$T0003328
\Shebuel\
captive of God. (1.) One of the descendants of Gershom, who had
charge of the temple treasures in the time of David (1 Chr.
23:16; 26:24).

  (2.) One of the sons of Heman; one of those whose duty it was
to "lift up the horn" in the temple service (1 Chr. 25:4, 5);
called also Shubael (ver. 20).
 
$$T0003329
\Shecaniah\
one intimate with Jehovah. (1.) A priest to whom the tenth lot
came forth when David divided the priests (1 Chr. 24:11).

  (2.) One of the priests who were set "to give to their
brethren by courses" of the daily portion (2 Chr. 31:15).

  Shechani'ah, id. (1.) A priest whose sons are mentioned in 1
Chr. 3:21, 22.

  (2.) Ezra 8:5.

  (3.) Ezra 10:2-4.

  (4.) The father of Shemaiah, who repaired the wall of
Jerusalem (Neh. 3:29).

  (5.) The father-in-law of Tobiah (Neh. 6:18).

  (6.) A priest who returned from the Captivity with Zerubbabel
(Neh. 12:3; marg., or Shebaniah).
 
$$T0003330
\Shechem\
shoulder. (1.) The son of Hamor the Hivite (Gen. 33:19; 34).

  (2.) A descendant of Manasseh (Num. 26:31; Josh. 17:2).

  (3.) A city in Samaria (Gen. 33:18), called also Sichem
(12:6), Sychem (Acts 7:16). It stood in the narrow sheltered
valley between Ebal on the north and Gerizim on the south, these
mountains at their base being only some 500 yards apart. Here
Abraham pitched his tent and built his first altar in the
Promised Land, and received the first divine promise (Gen. 12:6,
7). Here also Jacob "bought a parcel of a field at the hands of
the children of Hamor" after his return from Mesopotamia, and
settled with his household, which he purged from idolatry by
burying the teraphim of his followers under an oak tree, which
was afterwards called "the oak of the sorcerer" (Gen. 33:19;
35:4; Judg. 9:37). (See MEONENIM ¯T0002483.) Here too, after a
while, he dug a well, which bears his name to this day (John
4:5, 39-42). To Shechem Joshua gathered all Israel "before God,"
and delivered to them his second parting address (Josh.
24:1-15). He "made a covenant with the people that day" at the
very place where, on first entering the land, they had responded
to the law from Ebal and Gerizim (Josh. 24:25), the terms of
which were recorded "in the book of the law of God", i.e., in
the roll of the law of Moses; and in memory of this solemn
transaction a great stone was set up "under an oak" (comp. Gen.
28:18; 31:44-48; Ex. 24:4; Josh. 4:3, 8, 9), possibly the old
"oak of Moreh," as a silent witness of the transaction to all
coming time.

  Shechem became one of the cities of refuge, the central city
of refuge for Western Palestine (Josh. 20:7), and here the bones
of Joseph were buried (24:32). Rehoboam was appointed king in
Shechem (1 Kings 12:1, 19), but Jeroboam afterwards took up his
residence here. This city is mentioned in connection with our
Lord's conversation with the woman of Samaria (John 4:5); and
thus, remaining as it does to the present day, it is one of the
oldest cities of the world. It is the modern Nablus, a
contraction for Neapolis, the name given to it by Vespasian. It
lies about a mile and a half up the valley on its southern
slope, and on the north of Gerizim, which rises about 1,100 feet
above it, and is about 34 miles north of Jerusalem. It contains
about 10,000 inhabitants, of whom about 160 are Samaritans and
100 Jews, the rest being Christians and Mohammedans.

  The site of Shechem is said to be of unrivalled beauty.
Stanley says it is "the most beautiful, perhaps the only very
beautiful, spot in Central Palestine."

  Gaza, near Shechem, only mentioned 1 Chr. 7:28, has entirely
disappeared. It was destroyed at the time of the Conquest, and
its place was taken by Shechem. (See SYCHAR ¯T0003542.)
 
$$T0003331
\Shechinah\
a Chaldee word meaning resting-place, not found in Scripture,
but used by the later Jews to designate the visible symbol of
God's presence in the tabernacle, and afterwards in Solomon's
temple. When the Lord led Israel out of Egypt, he went before
them "in a pillar of a cloud." This was the symbol of his
presence with his people. For references made to it during the
wilderness wanderings, see Ex. 14:20; 40:34-38; Lev. 9:23, 24;
Num. 14:10; 16:19, 42.

  It is probable that after the entrance into Canaan this
glory-cloud settled in the tabernacle upon the ark of the
covenant in the most holy place. We have, however, no special
reference to it till the consecration of the temple by Solomon,
when it filled the whole house with its glory, so that the
priests could not stand to minister (1 Kings 8:10-13; 2 Chr.
5:13, 14; 7:1-3). Probably it remained in the first temple in
the holy of holies as the symbol of Jehovah's presence so long
as that temple stood. It afterwards disappeared. (See CLOUD
¯T0000849.)
 
$$T0003332
\Sheep\
are of different varieties. Probably the flocks of Abraham and
Isaac were of the wild species found still in the mountain
regions of Persia and Kurdistan. After the Exodus, and as a
result of intercourse with surrounding nations, other species
were no doubt introduced into the herds of the people of Israel.
They are frequently mentioned in Scripture. The care of a
shepherd over his flock is referred to as illustrating God's
care over his people (Ps. 23:1, 2; 74:1; 77:20; Isa. 40:11;
53:6; John 10:1-5, 7-16).

  "The sheep of Palestine are longer in the head than ours, and
have tails from 5 inches broad at the narrowest part to 15
inches at the widest, the weight being in proportion, and
ranging generally from 10 to 14 lbs., but sometimes extending to
30 lbs. The tails are indeed huge masses of fat" (Geikie's Holy
Land, etc.). The tail was no doubt the "rump" so frequently
referred to in the Levitical sacrifices (Ex. 29:22; Lev. 3:9;
7:3; 9:19). Sheep-shearing was generally an occasion of great
festivity (Gen. 31:19; 38:12, 13; 1 Sam. 25:4-8, 36; 2 Sam.
13:23-28).
 
$$T0003333
\Sheep-fold\
a strong fenced enclosure for the protection of the sheep
gathered within it (Num. 32:24; 1 Chr. 17:7; Ps. 50:9; 78:70).
In John 10:16 the Authorized Version renders by "fold" two
distinct Greek words, aule and poimne, the latter of which
properly means a "flock," and is so rendered in the Revised
Version. (See also Matt. 26:31; Luke 2:8; 1 Cor. 9:7.) (See FOLD
¯T0001365.)
 
$$T0003334
\Sheep-gate\
one of the gates of Jerusalem mentioned by Nehemiah (3:1, 32;
12:39). It was in the eastern wall of the city.
 
$$T0003335
\Sheep-market\
occurs only in John 5:2 (marg., also R.V., "sheep-gate"). The
word so rendered is an adjective, and it is uncertain whether
the noun to be supplied should be "gate" or, following the
Vulgate Version, "pool."
 
$$T0003336
\Shekel\
weight, the common standard both of weight and value among the
Hebrews. It is estimated at 220 English grains, or a little more
than half an ounce avoirdupois. The "shekel of the sanctuary"
(Ex. 30:13; Num. 3:47) was equal to twenty gerahs (Ezek. 45:12).
There were shekels of gold (1 Chr. 21:25), of silver (1 Sam.
9:8), of brass (17:5), and of iron (7). When it became a coined
piece of money, the shekel of gold was equivalent to about 2
pound of our money. Six gold shekels, according to the later
Jewish system, were equal in value to fifty silver ones.

  The temple contribution, with which the public sacrifices were
bought (Ex. 30:13; 2 Chr. 24:6), consisted of one common shekel,
or a sanctuary half-shekel, equal to two Attic drachmas. The
coin, a stater (q.v.), which Peter found in the fish's mouth
paid this contribution for both him and Christ (Matt. 17:24,
27). A zuza, or quarter of a shekel, was given by Saul to Samuel
(1 Sam. 9:8).
 
$$T0003337
\Shelah\
petition. (1.) Judah's third son (Gen. 38:2, 5, 11, 14).

  (2.) A son of Arphaxad (1 Chr. 1:18).
 
$$T0003338
\Shelemiah\
whom Jehovah repays. (1.) Ezra 10:39.

  (2.) The father of Hananiah (Neh. 3:30).

  (3.) A priest in the time of Nehemiah (13:13).

  (4.) Father of one of those who accused Jeremiah to Zedekiah
(Jer. 37:3; 38:1).

  (5.) Father of a captain of the ward (Jer. 37:13).

  (6.) Jer. 36:14.
 
$$T0003339
\Shem\
a name; renown, the first mentioned of the sons of Noah (Gen.
5:32; 6:10). He was probably the eldest of Noah's sons. The
words "brother of Japheth the elder" in Gen. 10:21 are more
correctly rendered "the elder brother of Japheth," as in the
Revised Version. Shem's name is generally mentioned first in the
list of Noah's sons. He and his wife were saved in the ark
(7:13). Noah foretold his preeminence over Canaan (9:23-27). He
died at the age of six hundred years, having been for many years
contemporary with Abraham, according to the usual chronology.
The Israelitish nation sprang from him (Gen. 11:10-26; 1 Chr.
1:24-27).
 
$$T0003340
\Shema\
rumour. (1.) A Reubenite (1 Chr. 5:8).

  (2.) A Benjamite (1 Chr. 8:13).

  (3.) One who stood by Ezra when he read the law (Neh. 8:4).

  (4.) A town in the south of Judah (Josh. 15:26); the same as
Sheba (ver. 5).
 
$$T0003341
\Shemaah\
rumour, a Benjamite whose sons "came to David to Ziklag" (1 Chr.
12:3).
 
$$T0003342
\Shemaiah\
whom Jehovah heard. (1.) A prophet in the reign of Rehoboam (1
Kings 12:22-24).

  (2.) Neh. 3:29.

  (3.) A Simeonite (1 Chr. 4:37).

  (4.) A priest (Neh. 12:42).

  (5.) A Levite (1 Chr. 9:16).

  (6.) 1 Chr. 9:14; Neh. 11:15.

  (7.) A Levite in the time of David, who with 200 of his
brethren took part in the bringing up of the ark from Obed-edom
to Hebron (1 Chr. 15:8).

  (8.) A Levite (1 Chr. 24:6).

  (9.) The eldest son of Obed-edom (1 Chr. 26:4-8).

  (10.) A Levite (2 Chr. 29:14).

  (11.) A false prophet who hindered the rebuilding of Jerusalem
(Neh. 6:10).

  (12.) A prince of Judah who assisted at the dedication of the
wall of Jerusalem (Neh. 12:34-36).

  (13.) A false prophet who opposed Jeremiah (Jer. 29:24-32).

  (14.) One of the Levites whom Jehoshaphat appointed to teach
the law (2 Chr. 17:8).

  (15.) A Levite appointed to "distribute the oblations of the
Lord" (2 Chr. 31:15).

  (16.) A Levite (2 Chr. 35:9).

  (17.) The father of Urijah the prophet (Jer. 26:20).

  (18.) The father of a prince in the reign of Jehoiakim (Jer.
36:12).
 
$$T0003343
\Shemariah\
whom Jehovah guards. (1.) One who joined David at Ziklag (1 Chr.
12:5).

  (2.) Ezra 10:32, 41.
 
$$T0003344
\Shemeber\
soaring on high, the king of Zeboiim, who joined with the other
kings in casting off the yoke of Chedorlaomer. After having been
reconquered by him, he was rescued by Abraham (Gen. 14:2).
 
$$T0003345
\Sheminith\
eight; octave, a musical term, supposed to denote the lowest
note sung by men's voices (1 Chr. 15:21; Ps. 6; 12, title).
 
$$T0003346
\Shemiramoth\
most high name. (1.) A Levite in the reign of Jehoshaphat (2
Chr. 17:8).

  (2.) A Levite in David's time (1 Chr. 15:18, 20).
 
$$T0003347
\Shemuel\
heard of God. (1.) The son of Ammihud. He represented Simeon in
the division of the land (Num. 34:20).

  (2.) Used for "Samuel" (1 Chr. 6:33, R.V.).

  (3.) A prince of the tribe of Issachar (1 Chr. 7:2).
 
$$T0003348
\Shen\
a tooth, probably some conspicuous tooth-shaped rock or crag (1
Sam. 7:12), a place between which and Mizpeh Samuel set up his
"Ebenezer." In the Hebrew the word has the article prefixed,
"the Shen." The site is unknown.
 
$$T0003349
\Shenir\
=Senir, (Deut. 3:9; Cant. 4:8), the name given to Mount Hermon
(q.v.) by the Sidonians.